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substitution within (?{}) causes segmentation fault #15353

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p5pRT opened this issue May 23, 2016 · 20 comments
Open

substitution within (?{}) causes segmentation fault #15353

p5pRT opened this issue May 23, 2016 · 20 comments

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@p5pRT
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p5pRT commented May 23, 2016

Migrated from rt.perl.org#128225 (status was 'open')

Searchable as RT128225$

@p5pRT
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p5pRT commented May 23, 2016

From trizenx@gmail.com

The following program illustrates the issue​:

### BEGIN-CODE ###

my $str = "foo";
$str =~ /(?{ s{}{} })/;

### END-CODE ###

Tested with perl-5.22.2 and perl-5.25.1, no output is produced, but after about a second, a segmentation fault exception is raised​:

$ time perl bug.pl
[2] 25184 segmentation fault (core dumped) perl bug.pl
perl bug.pl 1.16s user 0.05s system 98% cpu 1.226 total

@p5pRT
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p5pRT commented May 23, 2016

From trizenx@gmail.com

A somewhat related issue is the following​:

### BEGIN-CODE ###

m<
  (?{
  m<(?{
  'print "Just another Perl hacker\n"'
  })>;

  s//$^R/ee;
  })

x;

//;
//;
//;
//;
//;
//;
//;
//;
//;

### END-CODE ###

The output is "Just another Perl hacker", printed 10 times, for each empty match ("//").

@p5pRT
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p5pRT commented May 23, 2016

From [Unknown Contact. See original ticket]

A somewhat related issue is the following​:

### BEGIN-CODE ###

m<
  (?{
  m<(?{
  'print "Just another Perl hacker\n"'
  })>;

  s//$^R/ee;
  })

x;

//;
//;
//;
//;
//;
//;
//;
//;
//;

### END-CODE ###

The output is "Just another Perl hacker", printed 10 times, for each empty match ("//").

@p5pRT
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p5pRT commented May 23, 2016

From @dcollinsn

This appears to be an overflow of the stack caused by infinite recursion, as evidenced by the following repeating stack frames​:

#11330 0x00000000006e43f3 in S_regmatch (reginfo=0x7fffffee9860, startpos=0xaba170 "foo", prog=0xaa37a0) at regexec.c​:6731
#11331 0x00000000006d7f00 in S_regtry (reginfo=0x7fffffee9860, startposp=0x7fffffee96c8) at regexec.c​:3615
#11332 0x00000000006d7957 in Perl_regexec_flags (rx=0xab2ae0, stringarg=0xaba170 "foo", strend=0xaba173 "", strbeg=0xaba170 "foo", minend=0, sv=0xab29c0, data=0x0, flags=1) at regexec.c​:3482
#11333 0x00000000005b8abd in Perl_pp_subst () at pp_hot.c​:2982
#11334 0x0000000000559af3 in Perl_runops_debug () at dump.c​:2239

Here is some GDB output from the very beginning of the backtrace​:

Breakpoint 1, Perl_regexec_flags (rx=0xab2ae0, stringarg=0xaba170 "foo", strend=0xaba173 "", strbeg=0xaba170 "foo", minend=0, sv=0xab29c0, data=0x0, flags=1) at regexec.c​:2878
2878 {
(gdb) bt
#0 Perl_regexec_flags (rx=0xab2ae0, stringarg=0xaba170 "foo", strend=0xaba173 "", strbeg=0xaba170 "foo", minend=0, sv=0xab29c0, data=0x0, flags=1) at regexec.c​:2878
#1 0x00000000005b8abd in Perl_pp_subst () at pp_hot.c​:2982
#2 0x0000000000559af3 in Perl_runops_debug () at dump.c​:2239
#3 0x00000000006e43f3 in S_regmatch (reginfo=0x7fffffffe160, startpos=0xaba170 "foo", prog=0xaa37a0) at regexec.c​:6731
#4 0x00000000006d7f00 in S_regtry (reginfo=0x7fffffffe160, startposp=0x7fffffffdfc8) at regexec.c​:3615
#5 0x00000000006d7957 in Perl_regexec_flags (rx=0xab2ae0, stringarg=0xaba170 "foo", strend=0xaba173 "", strbeg=0xaba170 "foo", minend=0, sv=0xab29c0, data=0x0, flags=97) at regexec.c​:3482
#6 0x00000000005afefd in Perl_pp_match () at pp_hot.c​:1819
#7 0x0000000000559af3 in Perl_runops_debug () at dump.c​:2239
#8 0x0000000000462138 in S_run_body (oldscope=1) at perl.c​:2517
#9 0x0000000000461763 in perl_run (my_perl=0xa9c010) at perl.c​:2440
#10 0x000000000041e8f0 in main (argc=4, argv=0x7fffffffe608, env=0x7fffffffe630) at perlmain.c​:116
(gdb) info locals
prog = 0xab2750
s = 0xabbaf0 "н\252"
c = 0x0
startpos = 0x0
minlen = 4801052
dontbother = 11193440
utf8_target = false
multiline = 11216720
progi = 0xab2750
reginfo_buf = {prog = 0x0, strbeg = 0x3 <error​: Cannot access memory at address 0x3>, strend = 0x1a <error​: Cannot access memory at address 0x1a>,
  till = 0x50 <error​: Cannot access memory at address 0x50>, sv = 0x0, ganch = 0x3000000003 <error​: Cannot access memory at address 0x3000000003>, cutpoint = 0x0, info_aux = 0x0,
  info_aux_eval = 0x5600000000, poscache_maxiter = 11217344, poscache_iter = 0, poscache_size = 0, intuit = false, is_utf8_pat = false, is_utf8_target = false, warned = false}
reginfo = 0xa9ef00
swap = 0x0
oldsave = 0
re_debug_flags = 140737488343936
__PRETTY_FUNCTION__ = "Perl_regexec_flags"
(gdb) f 3
#3 0x00000000006e43f3 in S_regmatch (reginfo=0x7fffffffe160, startpos=0xaba170 "foo", prog=0xaa37a0) at regexec.c​:6731
6731 CALLRUNOPS(aTHX); /* Scalar context. */
(gdb) info locals
ocurcop = 0xabbed8
nop = 0xabc048
newcv = 0xa9e370
sp = 0xab9e30
before = 0
oop = 0xabc198
ret = 0xab63f0
re_sv = 0xaa37a0
startpoint = 0x0
re = 0xaa37ac
rei = 0xffffffff
arg = 0
utf8_target = false
uniflags = 1
rex_sv = 0xab2ae0
rex = 0xabcc38
rexi = 0xaa3770
st = 0xaba318
scan = 0xaa37a0
next = 0xaa37ac
n = 0
ln = 0
locinput = 0xaba170 "foo"
pushinput = 0x200000011 <error​: Cannot access memory at address 0x200000011>
nextchr = 102
result = false
depth = 0
nochange_depth = 0
max_nochange_depth = 10
yes_state = 0x0
mark_state = 0x0
cur_eval = 0x0
cur_curlyx = 0x0
state_num = 68
no_final = false
do_cutgroup = false
startpoint = 0xaba170 "foo"
popmark = 0x0
sv_commit = 0x0
sv_yes_mark = 0x0
lastopen = 0
has_cutgroup = false
oreplsv = 0xa9e160
__PRETTY_FUNCTION__ = "S_regmatch"
sw = false
minmod = false
logical = 0
last_pad = 0xa9e388
multicall_cop = 0xabbb30
multicall_oldcatch = false
gimme = 2 '\002'
caller_cv = 0xa9e370
last_pushed_cv = 0xa9e370
runops_cp = 16
maxopenparen = 0
to_complement = 0
classnum = _CC_ENUM_WORDCHAR
is_utf8_pat = false
match = false
re_debug_flags = 0
(gdb) l
6726 * first op of the block of interest, rather than the
6727 * first op of the sub. Also, we don't want to free
6728 * the savestack frame */
6729 before = (IV)(SP-PL_stack_base);
6730 PL_op = nop;
6731 CALLRUNOPS(aTHX); /* Scalar context. */
6732 SPAGAIN;
6733 if ((IV)(SP-PL_stack_base) == before)
6734 ret = &PL_sv_undef; /* protect against empty (?{}) blocks. */
6735 else {
(gdb)

Valgrind agrees that the segfault is caused by the stack overflow​:

==64578== Stack overflow in thread #1​: can't grow stack to 0xffe801000
==64578==
==64578== Process terminating with default action of signal 11 (SIGSEGV)
==64578== Access not within mapped region at address 0xFFE801FF8
==64578== Stack overflow in thread #1​: can't grow stack to 0xffe801000
==64578== at 0x56DE00​: Perl_mg_find (mg.c​:414)
==64578== If you believe this happened as a result of a stack
==64578== overflow in your program's main thread (unlikely but
==64578== possible), you can try to increase the size of the
==64578== main thread stack using the --main-stacksize= flag.
==64578== The main thread stack size used in this run was 8388608.
==64578== Stack overflow in thread #1​: can't grow stack to 0xffe801000
==64578==
==64578== Process terminating with default action of signal 11 (SIGSEGV)
==64578== Access not within mapped region at address 0xFFE801FF0
==64578== Stack overflow in thread #1​: can't grow stack to 0xffe801000
==64578== at 0x4A24690​: _vgnU_freeres (vg_preloaded.c​:58)
==64578== If you believe this happened as a result of a stack
==64578== overflow in your program's main thread (unlikely but
==64578== possible), you can try to increase the size of the
==64578== main thread stack using the --main-stacksize= flag.
==64578== The main thread stack size used in this run was 8388608.
==64578==
==64578== HEAP SUMMARY​:
==64578== in use at exit​: 7,415,854 bytes in 11,349 blocks
==64578== total heap usage​: 11,469 allocs, 120 frees, 8,271,345 bytes allocated
==64578==
==64578== LEAK SUMMARY​:
==64578== definitely lost​: 0 bytes in 0 blocks
==64578== indirectly lost​: 0 bytes in 0 blocks
==64578== possibly lost​: 0 bytes in 0 blocks
==64578== still reachable​: 7,415,854 bytes in 11,349 blocks
==64578== suppressed​: 0 bytes in 0 blocks
==64578== Rerun with --leak-check=full to see details of leaked memory
==64578==
==64578== For counts of detected and suppressed errors, rerun with​: -v
==64578== ERROR SUMMARY​: 0 errors from 0 contexts (suppressed​: 0 from 0)
Segmentation fault

**BISECT**

This error has been present at least since 5.8.0.

@p5pRT
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p5pRT commented May 23, 2016

The RT System itself - Status changed from 'new' to 'open'

@p5pRT
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p5pRT commented May 23, 2016

From @demerphq

For what its worth i believe this is safe if you wrap the s/// in a
subcall. Obviously this is just a work around and we should fix the core
cause....
On 23 May 2016 14​:51, "Daniel È�uteu via RT" <perlbug-comment@​perl.org>
wrote​:

A somewhat related issue is the following​:

### BEGIN-CODE ###

m<
(?{
m<(?{
'print "Just another Perl hacker\n"'
})>;

    s//$^R/ee;
\}\)

x;

//;
//;
//;
//;
//;
//;
//;
//;
//;

### END-CODE ###

The output is "Just another Perl hacker", printed 10 times, for each empty
match ("//").

@p5pRT
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p5pRT commented May 25, 2016

From trizenx@gmail.com

On Mon May 23 14​:22​:37 2016, demerphq wrote​:

For what its worth i believe this is safe if you wrap the s/// in a
subcall. Obviously this is just a work around and we should fix the core
cause....
On 23 May 2016 14​:51, "Daniel È�uteu via RT" <perlbug-comment@​perl.org>
wrote​:

A somewhat related issue is the following​:

### BEGIN-CODE ###

m<
(?{
m<(?{
'print "Just another Perl hacker\n"'
})>;

    s//$^R/ee;
\}\)

x;

//;
//;
//;
//;
//;
//;
//;
//;
//;

### END-CODE ###

The output is "Just another Perl hacker", printed 10 times, for each empty
match ("//").

Seems like not s/// is the issue here, as the following code, where s/// was replaced with eval(), behaves the same​:

### BEGIN-CODE ###

m{
  (?{
  m<(?{
  'print "Just another Perl hacker\n"'
  })>;
  eval $^R;
  })
}x;

//;//;//;//;//;

### END-CODE ###

Probably I should open a new ticket for this?

@p5pRT
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p5pRT commented May 25, 2016

From trizenx@gmail.com

On Wed May 25 15​:33​:56 2016, trizenx@​gmail.com wrote​:

On Mon May 23 14​:22​:37 2016, demerphq wrote​:

For what its worth i believe this is safe if you wrap the s/// in a
subcall. Obviously this is just a work around and we should fix the
core
cause....
On 23 May 2016 14​:51, "Daniel È�uteu via RT" <perlbug-
comment@​perl.org>
wrote​:

A somewhat related issue is the following​:

### BEGIN-CODE ###

m<
(?{
m<(?{
'print "Just another Perl hacker\n"'
})>;

s//$^R/ee;
})

x;

//;
//;
//;
//;
//;
//;
//;
//;
//;

### END-CODE ###

The output is "Just another Perl hacker", printed 10 times, for
each empty
match ("//").

Seems like not s/// is the issue here, as the following code, where
s/// was replaced with eval(), behaves the same​:

### BEGIN-CODE ###

m{
(?{
m<(?{
'print "Just another Perl hacker\n"'
})>;
eval $^R;
})
}x;

//;//;//;//;//;

### END-CODE ###

Probably I should open a new ticket for this?

Code simplified to​:

### BEGIN-CODE ###

m{
  (?{ print "hi\n" })
}x;

//;//;//;//;//;

### END-CODE ###

@p5pRT
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p5pRT commented May 25, 2016

From @cpansprout

On Wed May 25 15​:42​:20 2016, trizenx@​gmail.com wrote​:

Code simplified to​:

### BEGIN-CODE ###

m{
(?{ print "hi\n" })
}x;

//;//;//;//;//;

### END-CODE ###

I don�t see what the bug is here. The empty pattern re-uses the last successful match.

--

Father Chrysostomos

@p5pRT
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p5pRT commented May 25, 2016

From trizenx@gmail.com

On Wed May 25 15​:55​:20 2016, sprout wrote​:

On Wed May 25 15​:42​:20 2016, trizenx@​gmail.com wrote​:

Code simplified to​:

### BEGIN-CODE ###

m{
(?{ print "hi\n" })
}x;

//;//;//;//;//;

### END-CODE ###

I don�t see what the bug is here. The empty pattern re-uses the last
successful match.

I never heard of this behavior before. Is this officially documented?

Personally, I see it as a security issue. For example, consider the following artificial scenario​:

### BEGIN-CODE ###

/(?{ print "sending money\n" })/x;

print "Insert regex​: ";
chomp(my $regex = <STDIN>); # just press ENTER
/\Q$regex/; # will send money again

### END-CODE ###

If a user inserts a regular expression that happens to coincide with the last regular expression that successfully matched, but also executed some code in (?{}), the same code will be executed again, which is something that I don't think it should happen.

In the above scenario, a user can take advantage of this behavior and exploit it in his favor, making it a security hole.

@p5pRT
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p5pRT commented May 26, 2016

From @demerphq

On 26 May 2016 at 00​:55, Father Chrysostomos via RT
<perlbug-followup@​perl.org> wrote​:

On Wed May 25 15​:42​:20 2016, trizenx@​gmail.com wrote​:

Code simplified to​:

### BEGIN-CODE ###

m{
(?{ print "hi\n" })
}x;

//;//;//;//;//;

### END-CODE ###

I don�t see what the bug is here.

I dont get it either.

The empty pattern re-uses the last successful match.

I don't get why you bring this up either.

Yves
--
perl -Mre=debug -e "/just|another|perl|hacker/"

@p5pRT
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p5pRT commented May 26, 2016

From @cpansprout

On Wed May 25 16​:33​:50 2016, trizenx@​gmail.com wrote​:

On Wed May 25 15​:55​:20 2016, sprout wrote​:

On Wed May 25 15​:42​:20 2016, trizenx@​gmail.com wrote​:

Code simplified to​:

### BEGIN-CODE ###

m{
(?{ print "hi\n" })
}x;

//;//;//;//;//;

### END-CODE ###

I don�t see what the bug is here. The empty pattern re-uses the last
successful match.

I never heard of this behavior before. Is this officially documented?

perl.git$ ack 'last successful' pod
pod/perlfunc.pod
7436​:interpretation as the last successful match.

pod/perlop.pod
2078​:evaluates to the empty string, the last successfully executed regular

pod/perlretut.pod
1559​:the regexp in the I<last successful match> is used instead. So we have

Personally, I see it as a security issue. For example, consider the
following artificial scenario​:

### BEGIN-CODE ###

/(?{ print "sending money\n" })/x;

print "Insert regex​: ";
chomp(my $regex = <STDIN>); # just press ENTER
/\Q$regex/; # will send money again

### END-CODE ###

You have to use (?​:) in cases like that​:

/(?{ print "sending money\n" })/x;

print "Insert regex​: ";
chomp(my $regex = <STDIN>); # just press ENTER
/(?​:\Q$regex\E)/; # will send money again

If a user inserts a regular expression that happens to coincide with
the last regular expression that successfully matched, but also
executed some code in (?{}), the same code will be executed again,
which is something that I don't think it should happen.

Neither do I (at least with /$foo/; with // it should stay as it is), but it is hard to change this because of backward compatibility.

That�s a separate issue from your original post. If you want to continue discussing this particular point, please open a new ticket.

--

Father Chrysostomos

@p5pRT
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p5pRT commented May 26, 2016

From @demerphq

On 25 May 2016 21​:03, "Father Chrysostomos via RT" <
perlbug-followup@​perl.org> wrote​:

On Wed May 25 16​:33​:50 2016, trizenx@​gmail.com wrote​:

On Wed May 25 15​:55​:20 2016, sprout wrote​:

On Wed May 25 15​:42​:20 2016, trizenx@​gmail.com wrote​:

Code simplified to​:

### BEGIN-CODE ###

m{
(?{ print "hi\n" })
}x;

//;//;//;//;//;

### END-CODE ###

I don�t see what the bug is here. The empty pattern re-uses the last
successful match.

I never heard of this behavior before. Is this officially documented?

perl.git$ ack 'last successful' pod
pod/perlfunc.pod
7436​:interpretation as the last successful match.

pod/perlop.pod
2078​:evaluates to the empty string, the last successfully executed regular

pod/perlretut.pod
1559​:the regexp in the I<last successful match> is used instead. So we
have

Personally, I see it as a security issue. For example, consider the
following artificial scenario​:

### BEGIN-CODE ###

/(?{ print "sending money\n" })/x;

print "Insert regex​: ";
chomp(my $regex = <STDIN>); # just press ENTER
/\Q$regex/; # will send money again

### END-CODE ###

You have to use (?​:) in cases like that​:

/(?{ print "sending money\n" })/x;

print "Insert regex​: ";
chomp(my $regex = <STDIN>); # just press ENTER
/(?​:\Q$regex\E)/; # will send money again

If a user inserts a regular expression that happens to coincide with
the last regular expression that successfully matched, but also
executed some code in (?{}), the same code will be executed again,
which is something that I don't think it should happen.

Neither do I (at least with /$foo/; with // it should stay as it is), but
it is hard to change this because of backward compatibility.

Fwiw i dont buy the back compat argument on this one. I have never seen
this feature deliberately used, most people are unaware of it and when they
discover it they consider it a bug like in this thread. In fact the only
time I have seen it used is in toy code that I wrote to demonstrate the
feature. I am convinced that nobody would notice and that the *many* issues
that have come from it over the years justifies removing it entirely.

That�s a separate issue from your original post. If you want to continue
discussing this particular point, please open a new ticket.

I agree. But feel free to quote my opinion on it when you do.

Yved

@p5pRT
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p5pRT commented May 30, 2016

From @iabyn

On Mon, May 23, 2016 at 10​:48​:26AM -0700, Daniel È�uteu wrote​:

my $str = "foo";
$str =~ /(?{ s{}{} })/;

As has been pointed out elsewhere in this ticket, an empty pattern
is interpreted as the "last successful match". The re-eval
mechanism takes this as being the currently executing pattern,
and so you get infinite recursion.

Marking the currently executing pattern as 'last successful'
is necessary within an re-eval so that things like $1 are visible​:

  #prints "a"
  "ab" =~ /(.)(?{ print "[$1]\n" })/;

--
"You're so sadly neglected, and often ignored.
A poor second to Belgium, When going abroad."
  -- Monty Python, "Finland"

@p5pRT
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p5pRT commented May 30, 2016

From @ap

* Dave Mitchell <davem@​iabyn.com> [2016-05-30 15​:09]​:

As has been pointed out elsewhere in this ticket, an empty pattern is
interpreted as the "last successful match". The re-eval mechanism
takes this as being the currently executing pattern, and so you get
infinite recursion.

Is it possible to detect this case and die instead? It wouldn�t do what
the user likely expected it to even if it worked, after all.

@p5pRT
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p5pRT commented May 30, 2016

From @cpansprout

On Mon May 30 05​:08​:27 2016, davem wrote​:

On Mon, May 23, 2016 at 10​:48​:26AM -0700, Daniel È�uteu wrote​:

my $str = "foo";
$str =~ /(?{ s{}{} })/;

As has been pointed out elsewhere in this ticket, an empty pattern
is interpreted as the "last successful match". The re-eval
mechanism takes this as being the currently executing pattern,
and so you get infinite recursion.

Marking the currently executing pattern as 'last successful'
is necessary within an re-eval so that things like $1 are visible​:

\#prints "a"
"ab" =~ /\(\.\)\(?\{ print "\[$1\]\\n" \}\)/;

Does the last-successful-match logic use PL_curpm?

--

Father Chrysostomos

@p5pRT
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p5pRT commented May 30, 2016

From @iabyn

On Mon, May 30, 2016 at 10​:18​:38AM -0700, Father Chrysostomos via RT wrote​:

Does the last-successful-match logic use PL_curpm?

Yes.

--
My Dad used to say 'always fight fire with fire', which is probably why
he got thrown out of the fire brigade.

@p5pRT
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p5pRT commented May 30, 2016

From @iabyn

On Mon, May 30, 2016 at 03​:49​:06PM +0200, Aristotle Pagaltzis wrote​:

* Dave Mitchell <davem@​iabyn.com> [2016-05-30 15​:09]​:

As has been pointed out elsewhere in this ticket, an empty pattern is
interpreted as the "last successful match". The re-eval mechanism
takes this as being the currently executing pattern, and so you get
infinite recursion.

Is it possible to detect this case and die instead? It wouldn�t do what
the user likely expected it to even if it worked, after all.

The following seems to detect it for pp_match() while not failing anything
in the test suite. If no-one objects, I can work it up into a proper fix
that handles pp_subst() etc, and has tests.

I'm not sure if there are mutual recursion scenarios which could still
slip past though.

  $ perl5240 -e'"a" =~ /(?{ m{} })/'
  Segmentation fault (core dumped)
  $ ./perl -e'"a" =~ /(?{ m{} })/'
  panic​: XXX curpm recursion
  $

Inline Patch
diff --git a/pp_hot.c b/pp_hot.c
index 223169b..5292383 100644
--- a/pp_hot.c
+++ b/pp_hot.c
@@ -1767,6 +1767,8 @@ PP(pp_match)
     if (!ReANY(rx)->mother_re && !RX_PRELEN(rx)
      && PL_curpm) {
        pm = PL_curpm;
+        if (pm == PL_reg_curpm)
+            Perl_croak(aTHX_ "panic: XXX curpm recursion\n");
        rx = PM_GETRE(pm);
     }


-- 

Overhead, without any fuss, the stars were going out.
  -- Arthur C Clarke

@p5pRT
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p5pRT commented May 30, 2016

From @cpansprout

On Mon May 30 13​:17​:08 2016, davem wrote​:

The following seems to detect it for pp_match() while not failing anything
in the test suite. If no-one objects, I can work it up into a proper fix
that handles pp_subst() etc, and has tests.
...
$ perl5240 -e'"a" =~ /(?{ m{} })/'
Segmentation fault (core dumped)
$ ./perl -e'"a" =~ /(?{ m{} })/'
panic​: XXX curpm recursion
$

I think that�s a good idea, but that it should not be a panic message, since a panic suggests that perl is not functioning correctly. Perhaps �Use of last successful match is not supported within regexp code blocks�. But I see from perldiag that we call them �eval-groups� in existing messages.

--

Father Chrysostomos

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p5pRT commented Jun 3, 2016

From @ap

* Dave Mitchell <davem@​iabyn.com> [2016-05-30 22​:22]​:

I'm not sure if there are mutual recursion scenarios which could still
slip past though.

I thought not but actually itâ��s trivial. This program segfaults​:

  $a = qr/(?{ m{$b} })/;
  $b = qr/(?{ m{$a} })/;
  m{$a}

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