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No subject provided #1008

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p5pRT opened this issue Dec 30, 1999 · 1 comment
Closed

No subject provided #1008

p5pRT opened this issue Dec 30, 1999 · 1 comment

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@p5pRT
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p5pRT commented Dec 30, 1999

Migrated from rt.perl.org#1958 (status was 'resolved')

Searchable as RT1958$

@p5pRT
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p5pRT commented Dec 30, 1999

From wolfgang.laun@chello.at

=head1 Perl bug report​: Library Module Carp

This concerns Carp​::Heavy.pm in all 5.005 versions, including the
latest developer versions.

=head2 Bug​: carp and croak may fail to show "caller"

Carp's carp and croak used in some module M should report errors from
a M0 caller's point of view. As the comment in Heavy.pm says, a "caller"
is some module not among M's ancestors or descendants.

Consider this set of modules (on file Animal.pm)​:

  #========================================================
  package Animal;
  use UNIVERSAL qw( can );
  use Carp;

  sub new {
  my $class = shift;
  bless( { @​_ }, $class );
  }

  sub dump {
  my $self = shift();
  $self->name() if $self->can(name);
  }

  sub teeth {
  my $self = shift();
  carp( "Has no teeth" ) unless $self->{-teeth};
  }

  #========================================================
  package Mammal;
  @​ISA = ( 'Animal' );

  sub new {
  my $class = shift;
  bless( $class->SUPER​::new( @​_ ), $class );
  }

  #========================================================
  package Rodent;
  use Carp;
  @​ISA = ( 'Mammal' );

  sub new {
  my $class = shift();
  bless( $class->SUPER​::new( @​_ ), $class );
  }

  sub name {
  my $self = shift();
  carp( "Name called - no name" ) unless $self->{-name};
  }

  sub gnaw {
  my $self = shift();
  $self->teeth();
  }
  #========================================================

Now, let's run this program​:

  use Animal;
  my $r = Rodent->new( -name => '', -teeth => 0 );
  $r->dump();
  $r->gnaw();

carp reports lines within Animal.pm! Both the call of Rodent​::name
from Animal​::dump and the call of Animal​::teeth from Rodent​::gnaw are
not detected to be within M's own domain.

The algorithm in shortmess_heavy is faulty as it fails to look beyond
a module's immediate ancestors and inheritors. The enclosed version
of Carp​::Heavy.pm does not show this defect.

While fixing this, the $CarpLevel feature required some consideration.
This has led to the question​:

=head2 Is $CarpLevel really useful?

While not in the official documentation, the comments in Heavy.pm would
give the impression that increasing $CarpLevel would enable a wrapper
module to shift the reporting of carp/croak/confess/cluck to the "right"
place.

I doubt that this can be achieved in this simple manner. First, any
wrapper wanting to appear transparent to carp & co. would have to
enclose all calls to the wrapped module's subroutines in $CarpLevel++
and $CarpLevel-- statements. (Clearly this increment cannot be done
statically as it would affect all modules around.) Second, what would
happen if a wrapper increments $CarpLevel dynamically, calls the wrapped
module which does a callback to a user subroutine and this calls the
wrapped module again, which then calls carp?

To make this feature robust, we'd need a call telling Carp to treat a
wrapper module W as "one of the family" with respect to some wrapped
module M, e.g.

  Carp​::Adopt( M, W );

If some M subroutine carps, and the chain of callers passes into
W's family tree, the algorithm continues.

This probably should also influence the longmess_heavy algorithm.

(As this goes way beyond a simple bugfix, I've refrained from touching
this.)

=head2 Author​: Wolfgang Laun <Wolfgang.Laun@​chello.at>

=cut

package Carp;

=head1 NAME

Carp​::Heavy - Carp guts

=head1 SYNOPIS

(internal use only)

=head1 DESCRIPTION

No user-serviceable parts inside.

=cut

# This package is heavily used. Be small. Be fast. Be good.

# Comments added by Andy Wardley <abw@​kfs.org> 09-Apr-98, based on an
# _almost_ complete understanding of the package. Corrections and
# comments are welcome.

# longmess() crawls all the way up the stack reporting on all the function
# calls made. The error string, $error, is originally constructed from the
# arguments passed into longmess() via confess(), cluck() or shortmess().
# This gets appended with the stack trace messages which are generated for
# each function call on the stack.

sub longmess_heavy {
  return @​_ if ref $_[0];
  my $error = join '', @​_;
  my $mess = "";
  my $i = 1 + $CarpLevel;
  my ($pack,$file,$line,$sub,$hargs,$eval,$require);
  my (@​a);
  #
  # crawl up the stack....
  #
  while (do { { package DB; @​a = caller($i++) } } ) {
  # get copies of the variables returned from caller()
  ($pack,$file,$line,$sub,$hargs,undef,$eval,$require) = @​a;
  #
  # if the $error error string is newline terminated then it
  # is copied into $mess. Otherwise, $mess gets set (at the end of
  # the 'else {' section below) to one of two things. The first time
  # through, it is set to the "$error at $file line $line" message.
  # $error is then set to 'called' which triggers subsequent loop
  # iterations to append $sub to $mess before appending the "$error
  # at $file line $line" which now actually reads "called at $file line
  # $line". Thus, the stack trace message is constructed​:
  #
  # first time​: $mess = $error at $file line $line
  # subsequent times​: $mess .= $sub $error at $file line $line
  # ^^^^^^
  # "called"
  if ($error =~ m/\n$/) {
  $mess .= $error;
  } else {
  # Build a string, $sub, which names the sub-routine called.
  # This may also be "require ...", "eval '...' or "eval {...}"
  if (defined $eval) {
  if ($require) {
  $sub = "require $eval";
  } else {
  $eval =~ s/([\\\'])/\\$1/g;
  if ($MaxEvalLen && length($eval) > $MaxEvalLen) {
  substr($eval,$MaxEvalLen) = '...';
  }
  $sub = "eval '$eval'";
  }
  } elsif ($sub eq '(eval)') {
  $sub = 'eval {...}';
  }
  # if there are any arguments in the sub-routine call, format
  # them according to the format variables defined earlier in
  # this file and join them onto the $sub sub-routine string
  if ($hargs) {
  # we may trash some of the args so we take a copy
  @​a = @​DB​::args; # must get local copy of args
  # don't print any more than $MaxArgNums
  if ($MaxArgNums and @​a > $MaxArgNums) {
  # cap the length of $#a and set the last element to '...'
  $#a = $MaxArgNums;
  $a[$#a] = "...";
  }
  for (@​a) {
  # set args to the string "undef" if undefined
  $_ = "undef", next unless defined $_;
  if (ref $_) {
  # force reference to string representation
  $_ .= '';
  s/'/\\'/g;
  }
  else {
  s/'/\\'/g;
  # terminate the string early with '...' if too long
  substr($_,$MaxArgLen) = '...'
  if $MaxArgLen and $MaxArgLen < length;
  }
  # 'quote' arg unless it looks like a number
  $_ = "'$_'" unless /^-?[\d.]+$/;
  # print high-end chars as 'M-<char>'
  s/([\200-\377])/sprintf("M-%c",ord($1)&0177)/eg;
  # print remaining control chars as ^<char>
  s/([\0-\37\177])/sprintf("^%c",ord($1)^64)/eg;
  }
  # append ('all', 'the', 'arguments') to the $sub string
  $sub .= '(' . join(', ', @​a) . ')';
  }
  # here's where the error message, $mess, gets constructed
  $mess .= "\t$sub " if $error eq "called";
  $mess .= "$error at $file line $line";
  if (defined &Thread​::tid) {
  my $tid = Thread->self->tid;
  $mess .= " thread $tid" if $tid;
  }
  $mess .= "\n";
  }
  # we don't need to print the actual error message again so we can
  # change this to "called" so that the string "$error at $file line
  # $line" makes sense as "called at $file line $line".
  $error = "called";
  }
  # this kludge circumvents die's incorrect handling of NUL
  my $msg = \($mess || $error);
  $$msg =~ tr/\0//d;
  $$msg;
}

# ancestors() returns the complete set of ancestors of a module

sub ancestors($$){
  my( $pack, $href ) = @​_;
  my $risa = \@​{"${pack}​::ISA"};
  if( @​$risa ){
  my %tree = ();
  @​tree{@​$risa} = ();
  foreach my $mod ( @​$risa ){
  # visit ancestors - if not already in the gallery
  if( ! defined( $$href{$mod} ) ){
  my @​ancs = ancestors( $mod, $href );
  @​tree{@​ancs} = ();
  }
  }
  return ( keys( %tree ) );
  } else {
  return ();
  }
}

# shortmess() is called by carp() and croak() to skip all the way up to
# the top-level caller's package and report the error from there. confess()
# and cluck() generate a full stack trace so they call longmess() to
# generate that. In verbose mode shortmess() calls longmess() so
# you always get a stack trace

sub shortmess_heavy { # Short-circuit &longmess if called via multiple packages
  goto &longmess_heavy if $Verbose;
  return @​_ if ref $_[0];
  my $error = join '', @​_;
  my ($prevpack) = caller(1);
  my $extra = $CarpLevel;

  my @​Clans = ( $prevpack );
  my $i = 2;
  my ($pack,$file,$line);
  # when reporting an error, we want to report it from the context of the
  # calling package. So what is the calling package? Within a module,
  # there may be many calls between methods and perhaps between sub-classes
  # and super-classes, but the user isn't interested in what happens
  # inside the package. We start by building a hash array which keeps
  # track of all the packages to which the calling package belongs. We
  # do this by examining its @​ISA variable. Any call from a base class
  # method (one of our caller's @​ISA packages) can be ignored
  my %isa;

  # merge all the caller's @​ISA packages and ancestors into %isa.
  my @​pars = ancestors( $prevpack, \%isa );
  @​isa{@​pars} = () if @​pars;
  $isa{$prevpack} = 1;

  # now we crawl up the calling stack and look at all the packages in
  # there. For each package, we look to see if it has an @​ISA and then
  # we see if our caller features in that list. That would imply that
  # our caller is a derived class of that package and its calls can also
  # be ignored
CALLER​:
  while (($pack,$file,$line) = caller($i++)) {

  # Chances are, the caller's caller (or its caller...) is already
  # in the gallery - if so, ignore this caller.
  next if exists( $isa{$pack} );

  # no​: collect this module's ancestors.
  my @​i = ancestors( $pack, \%isa );
  my %i;
  if( @​i ){
  @​i{@​i} = ();
  # check whether our representative of one of the clans is
  # in this family tree.
  foreach my $cl (@​Clans){
  if( exists( $i{$cl} ) ){
  # yes​: merge all of the family tree into %isa
  @​isa{@​i,$pack} = ();
  # and here's where we do some more ignoring...
  # if the package in question is one of our caller's
  # base or derived packages then we can ignore it (skip it)
  # and go onto the next.
  next CALLER if exists( $isa{$pack} );
  last;
  }
  }
  }

  # Hey! We've found a package that isn't one of our caller's
  # clan....but wait, $extra refers to the number of 'extra' levels
  # we should skip up. If $extra > 0 then this is a false alarm.
  # We must merge the package into the %isa hash (so we can ignore it
  # if it pops up again), decrement $extra, and continue.
  if ($extra-- > 0) {
  push( @​Clans, $pack );
  @​isa{@​i,$pack} = ();
  }
  else {
  # OK! We've got a candidate package. Time to construct the
  # relevant error message and return it. die() doesn't like
  # to be given NUL characters (which $msg may contain) so we
  # remove them first.
  my $msg;
  $msg = "$error at $file line $line";
  if (defined &Thread​::tid) {
  my $tid = Thread->self->tid;
  $mess .= " thread $tid" if $tid;
  }
  $msg .= "\n";
  $msg =~ tr/\0//d;
  return $msg;
  }
  }

  # uh-oh! It looks like we crawled all the way up the stack and
  # never found a candidate package. Oh well, let's call longmess
  # to generate a full stack trace. We use the magical form of 'goto'
  # so that this shortmess() function doesn't appear on the stack
  # to further confuse longmess() about it's calling package.
  goto &longmess_heavy;
}

1;

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